Kayti's Reflection

Identify 5 NEW things that you learned in this course

1. The Reign of Terror during the French Revolution

2. The nation-states of Italy and their influences in the Italian Renaissance

3. The Great Schism and the conflict with the authority of one pope and only one Pope.

4. The reign of Napoleon and how every thing that happened in the French Revolution was basically undone by him.

5. Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War.

Identify 4 things that connected to learning from other classes, disciplines, or experiences

1. Karl Marx during industrialism and the Communist Manifesto we learned about in 20th Century.

2. The industrial Revolution connected to freshman US history because we learned about the horrible working conditions in that class as well.

3. All of the scientific theories brought about during the Scientific Revolution are still the primary basis for a lot of the science we do in class.

4. We studied the mythological aspects of the Greco-Roman time period as my summer project for my freshman English class.

Identify the 3 MOST IMPORTANT concepts you learned in this unit

1. The rise of Humanism and the ideals it brought about

2. The French Revolution: the loss of human life and the important ideas it gave many in France and across the world at the time.

3. The increasing role nationalism played through out the history of Western Civilization in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.

Identify 2 things that you would like to learn more about

1. Although we seemed to learn a lot about the French Revolution, I would still like to know more about it.

2. It would be nice to know more about the Industrial Revolution and the implications it had down the line in Europe and the United States.

Identify 1 SKILL that you learned or developed in this course

1. How to CASK primary sources and analyze their information in a way that is helpful to me and makes it easy to apply to my explanations.

Jeremy's Reflection

Identify 5 NEW things that you learned in this course

1. the three estates of the French Revolution

2. The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

3. The Jesuits were in response to the Reformation

4. Renaissance Art

5. English Civil War

Identify 4 things that connected to learning from other classes, disciplines, or experiences

1. The Protestant Reformation to my understanding of Church History

2. The French Revolution to my understanding of the American Revolution

3. The Industrial revolution to the increase in War productions during WWI and WWII

4.  The Enlightenment philosophers and their ideals present in the US Constitution.

Identify the 3 MOST IMPORTANT concepts you learned in this unit

1. Rise of Nationalism in Europe

2. The Shift from Church Authority to Monarch Authority

3. The Role of Humanism

Identify 2 things that you would like to learn more about

1. Absolutists Royal Families

2. The Theology of Different Christian Religions and how they differ each other

Identify 1 SKILL that you learned or developed in this course

1. How to better analyze primary documents by looking into the background and author’s bias prior to reading the document.  

Reflection

Identify 5 NEW things that you learned in this course.

1. I learned how influential the democratic ideals of the Greco-Roman were to the future of government.
2. I learned the three classes of the Old Regime prior to the French Revolution.
3. I learned that women and children worked most in the factories of the Industrial Revolution because they were smaller.
4. I learned the importance of Cromwell during the English Civil War
5. I learned the roles of the royal families in Europe during the Age of Absolutism.

 Identify 4 things that connected to learning from other classes, disciplines, or experiences.

1. The French Revolution unit connected to 10th grade English because we read "A Tale of Two Cities" which is a fictional story that takes place in France during the revolution.
2. The Enlightenment unit connects to 12th grade Government and Economics because it showed influential thinkers such as Locke, Hobbes, and Smith, who's ideals were studied in that class as well. 
3. The Greco-Roman unit featured "The Odyssey" which we read in 10th grade English, but in this class we focused more on the affects of the book rather than the content. 
4. The Industrial Revolution unit explained the horrible working conditions of the factories, and we also studied the conditions in 9th grade U.S. History.

Identify the 3 MOST IMPORTANT concepts you learned in this course. 

1. The history and importance of humanism Europe and the affects that are still seen today.
2. The amazing feats Napoleon was able to accomplish in his short time as a ruler and the affect today.
3. The importance of the democratic ideals during the Greco-Roman era.

Identify 2 things that you would like to learn more about.

1. I would be interested in learning more about the evolution and importance of art through all the units we studied.
2. I would also be interested in learning more about the everyday lives of the citizens in each unit rather than just the events that took place. 

Identify 1 SKILL that you learned or developed in this course.

1. I learned how to CASK important primary documents and explain them properly in full detail.

Reflection

5. This class was the first time I learned about: Oliver Cromwell and the English Civil War, the Hapsburgs, the Roman Republic (in depth), the Social Utopists/Chartists, and Napoleon's reign (in depth).

4. The French Revolution connected to reading A Tale of Two Cities in English. I also learned about mercantilism in my APUSH class. Learning about Newton during the Scientific Revolution connects to my physics class.

3.  The first most important concept I learned is that cultural and intellectual history is sometimes more important than economic/political/diplomatic history because intellects can inspire economic changes, alter diplomatic relations and bring light to a new political system. I also learned that there really are two sides to each story, more specifically, there are two different views on events. When looking in retrospect one is able to determine the success or failure of an action as well as it's short term and long term consequences. But when living it, one might not see Napoleon as a tyrant as we do today. I also learned that history repeats itself in a way. The influence of Greek and Roman ideals kept experiencing rebirths throughout European history.

2. I would like to learn more about the Industrial Revolution and Rise of Nationalism because they are the most modern and I think it would be interesting to analyze the effects of those subjects on Europe today.

1. I think one skill that I further developed through this course is reading and analyzing quotes. We did a lot of that in the beginning of the course and I feel like I could more easily decipher the meaning of a historical quote now.

Cayla's Reflection

1. 5 new things that I learned in this course:
1. The various new forms of government that the French tried during the French Revolution, such as the National Assembly, Mirabeau's Constitutional Monarchy, the Directory, the Consulate, etc.
2. The roles of the Delian League and Peloponnesian League in the wars during Ancient Greece
3. The role of Cromwell and everything about the English Civil War
4. More in-depth information about the Thirty Years' War
5. The influence of the Hohenzollern and Hapsburg families during the Age of Absolutism
2. 4 things connected to other classes and learning
1. The work of Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Hobbes, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Voltaire and their thoughts on the establishment of the ideal government--> In Government & Economics, we learned about these same thinkers in the establishment and reform of governments
2. Work of Marx and Engels in initiating and spreading the original ideas of communism--> we focused on this specifically in 20th Century
3. The impact of the Industrial Revolution on society--> although moreso in the context of the American industrial revolution, in APUSH we focused on similar cultural trends as a result of industrialization, such as the growing movements towards utopian societies and similar trends in increased poverty among workers due to the industrialization
4. The crucial advancements such as Bacon's scientific method, Newton's physics, and the heliocentric theory from the Scientific Revolution --> although we almost take these things for granted in science classes now, it's surprising to realize that these scientific ideas from hundreds of years ago are still extremely prevalent and even frequently in use today
3. 3 most important things I learned in this course
1. The significant role of humanism running throughout and shaping European history even to this day
2. The influence of the bourgeoisie in politics and culture, especially among the revolutions in thought
3. The constant role of Christianity among both the Catholics and the Protestants in forming society and catalyzing many social and intellectual discussions and reforms
4. 2 things that I'd like to learn more about
1. More about the political and cultural events occurring during the Middle Ages
2. More in-depth information about Alexander the Great, his rule, and the Hellenistic culture that he spread
5. 1 skill that I learned or developed over this course
1. CASKing primary documents in order to understand their full meaning and context

Dan's Reflection

The five things that I learned

·      I learned that the Papacy was not always concentrated in Rome, but actually moved to many locations, such as Avignon and Pisa.

·      I really had no notion on the life of Oliver Cromwell, or the English revolution, and that was interesting to learn about.

·      I knew nothing of the details of the French Revolution or the rise of Napoleon.

·      I also enjoyed learning the impacts of Hellenistic culture under the expansion of Alexander.

·      Marie Antoinette never said “Let them eat cake”

The four connections that I made to other classes

·      The French Revolution/Napoleon

o   Connected to US-French relations during the war of 1812 APUSH

·      The rise of Nationalism

o   Rationale behind the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (Serbs didn’t want an Austrian ruler) APUSH

·      The Industrial Revolution

o   Led to an increase in war production and wars with massive casualties- WWI & WWII. APUSH/ Honors 20^th century

·      The ideals of Romanticism

o   Romanticism as a literary genre (11^th & 12^th grade English)

o   Romantic effects on composers and their compositions

The Three most Important concepts

·      The impact that nationalism has on the 20^th and 21^st centuries

·      The influence of Enlightened ideals on Western government and learning

·      The role of Humanism through out western civilization

Two things that I would like to learn more about

·      More about the beginnings of the ancient world

·      The impact that Jesus had on the Roman world

One Skill that I learned

·      How to better analyze primary documents

o   Picking apart quotes, authorial tone, historical significance 

Alex's reflection

During this course I learned about the characteristics of a Homeric hero, how the roman republic fell, the significance of the council of Trent, what mercantilism is an about Henry VI. My explanation is that all of these things were very interesting and I was engrossed in every detail of every war and ruler we learned about.

Some things I learned about that connected to my other classes were the American revolution and how it was similar to the French revolution in the was that a lot of people died and they wanted a constitution and freedom. Another that connected to my other classes is that I knew what the roman numerals for the kings names were and what numbers they represented.  other things that related to this class are newton Copernicus and Galileo. I learned about all three of them in previous classes. newton named gravity, comperes proved that the earth revolves around sun not the sun revolving around the earth and Galileo invented a more modern telescope.  

I believe the most important concepts of this course were the wars, the people and the evolutions in technology. the people caused the wars and also invented the advancements in technology. the three things are all interconnected.

The two things that I wished we would have learned more about is ancient greece and went more in depth with the wars.

The skill that I developed in this class would be studying. I did a lot of studying in order to pass this class.

Maria's Reflection

1. Identify 5 NEW things that you learned in this course

• The causes of the Industrial Revolution.
• The origins of nationalism.
• The differing opinions on Napoleon (Tyrant or Hero).
• The varying phases in detail of the French Revolution.
• The details of the Division of the Church (Calvinism, Lutheranism, Anabaptists, etc).

2. Identify 4 things that connected to learning from other classes, disciplines, or experiences

• The origins and effects of nationalism.
• Expanded in Honors 20th Century with Mrs. Horvath; i.e. Hitler and the Holocaust
• The social causes and effects of the French Revolution.
• A book introduced in Honors English 10 with Mrs. Hauser and now one of my favorite books, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.
• The Enlightenment philosophies such as Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, etc.
• Implemented in American Government and Economics with Mrs. Kozel
• The work of Mary Wollenscraft for women’s rights.
• First step towards gender equality, such as women’s suffrage and the 19th Amendment in the United States

3. Identify the 3 MOST IMPORTANT concepts you learned in this course

• The role of the Industrial Revolution as the guide to advancement and culture shifts.
• The long lasting effect of the French Revolution on human and citizen rights and government relationships.
• The importance of the Greco-Roman world as the foundation of democracy and political opinion, which now shapes most of the western world.

4. Identify 2 things that you would like to learn more about

• Further details on the French Revolution and the French people.
• The absolutist families of Europe.

5. Identify 1 SKILL that you learned or developed in this course

• How to analyze events and motivations in history to understand how the world today came to be.
  
  

Justin's Reflection

1.
-Industrial Revolution and the new tools used for making things faster and better
- Details of the French Revolution and why it was so important in changing Europe
- Specific Absolutist Monarchs and enlightened Absolute rulers
-Napoleons campaign and rise to become an emperor
-Ancient Greece History

2.
-The understanding of certain aspects of Nationalism helped me understand World War I in 20th Century
-Learning how to use a Prezie was helpful for other classes
-Analyzing primary documents helped in 20th Century
- The French Revolution was taught in World Cultures

3.
-Humanism
-The Industrial Revolution
-Scientific Revolution

4.
 - Roman expansion

-World War I

5.
- How to  analyze primary documents

Reflection

5 New things I learned: Learned about who the father of the Scientific Revolution was, it was Sir Francis Bacon. Also



4 Things that connected to things learned in other classes:



3 Important concepts learned in this unit:



2 Things I would like to learn more about: I would like to learn more about the Industrial Revolution and the Rise of Nationalism/ Reformation. Both of these topics caught my attention and I wanted to learn more about the downside of the indus. rev. and the government in the rise of nationalism.



1 Skilled learned or developed during the course: While taking notes don't put everything just put down the key points that are needed to be known, because I would always write everything down and when it can to a test I would try to memorize what I wrote down and I would totally forget and end up getting the answer incorrect.

Reflection

1. Identify 5 NEW things that you learned in this course
2. Identify 4 things that connected to learning from other classes, disciplines, or experiences
3. Identify the 3 MOST IMPORTANT concepts you learned in this unit
4. Identify 2 things that you would like to learn more about
5. Identify 1 SKILL that you learned or developed in this course

1. 

• The difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire 
• The existence of the Feudal system in the Middle Ages 
• Information about the different absolutist monarchs and families during absolutism 
• The reasons for and effects of the English Civil War 
• The causes of the industrial revolution 

2. 

• Mercantilism from a more European type of view --> learned about mercantilism in APUSH
• More information on the French Revolution --> learned about this in HWC and in 10th Grade English (Tale of Two Cities)
• The Protestant Revolution --> Learned about it in HWC 
• Learned more about Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle --> Read works in AP English 

3. 

• The influence of Greco-Roman ideals on all of Western Civilization 
• How Humanism can be seen throughout the different time periods 
• The different political philosophies that developed throughout time

4. 

• The different families during the Absolutist time 
• More about the different Protestant religions that surfaced

5. 

• How to read, interpret, summarize, and pull out important quotes from primary documents

Reflection:

1.
- Greco- Roman history (Homer,Plato)
- French revolution (Bastille, Estates general)
- Napoleon (Hero or Tyrant)
- English Civil War (Cromwell)
- Printing press (Vernacular)

2.
- Napoleon = Hitler,Stalin etc
- French Revo. = American Revoltuion
- Enlgish Civil war = American Civil War
- Persian War= smaller version of WWII w/ alliances

3.
- Humanism
- Reformation
- Power struggles

4.
- Greco Roman War
- Industrial revolution

5.
- The ability to take information and present it in an orderly fashion in which i and my peers can comprehend it.

5-4-3-2-1 Reflection Directions

As we end our formal examination of Western Civilization, its important to reflect upon your learning.  Please create a NEW reflection post in the following format:

1. Identify 5 NEW things that you learned in this course
2. Identify 4 things that connected to learning from other classes, disciplines, or experiences
3. Identify the 3 MOST IMPORTANT concepts you learned in this course
4. Identify 2 things that you would like to learn more about
5. Identify 1 SKILL that you learned or developed in this course

As you construct your reflection, please make sure to EXPLAIN why your responses to each of the items above.

Debate #3 Reflection

Was the Industrial Revolution a social, moral, and environmental disaster?  Be sure to use evidence from our studies and the debate.

Debate #2 Reflection

Do you believe Napoleon was a hero or a tyrant?  Be sure to support your opinion with evidence from our studies and the debate.

Debate #1 Reflection

Based on your studies and the debate, do you believe that the French Revolution was worth its human cost?  Be sure to support your opinion with specific historical evidence.

"The Duties of Man"

Author Bio: The author of "Duties," Giuseppe Mazzini, was an Italian author who wrote prolifically promoting the unification of Italy in the 1830s and 1840s. Mazzini was considered a liberal at the time for his nationalist ideas, but they nonetheless became important as Italy began merging into one united country by 1870. His works helped to lay the foundations for the liberal constitutional monarchy that would be established in unified Italy.

Context/Background:  During the 1800s, Italy and other European countries such as modern-day Germany were comprised of many small nation-states left over from the middle ages through the Renaissance and Enlightenment. As Europe grew into a more modern age, however, unification became an increasingly prominent idea that was propagated to the masses by advocates such as Mazzini in order to raise nationalism. These hopes for a united Italy finally came to fruition by 1870 through Count Camillo Cavour, whose efforts united the diverse regions and created the independent state of Italy.

Summary: While Mazzini first clarifies that a man's absolutely primary duty is to humanity and his family, the next and hardly less important duty is to his country and the brotherhood and unity focused towards the higher goal of a united country. He declares that united, independent countries are the highest order of nation, and what God originally intended before they were corrupted by greedy monarchs. The "Divine design" of unity will, Mazzini writes, transcend class and monarchy to unite all people of the country in harmony. The ideal nation would be one whose people are united by language, economic tendencies and specialties, culture, and history, and only when the people of a country are united together in brotherhood can this heavenly purpose be fulfilled.

Important Quote: "O my brother, love your Country! Our country is our Home, the house that God has given us, placing therein a numerous family that loves us, and whom we love... Our country is our common workshop, whence the products of our activity are sent forth for the benefit of the whole world."

The Communist Manifesto

Authors: Karl Marx (b. 1818- d. 1883) and Friedrich Engels (b. 1820- d. 1895). Marx was born in Germany and was educated at the University Berlin and University of Bohn. He is reputed for his work as a philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, and journalist. He is considered one of the most influential economists of all time. Although Marx contributed prolifically to all of these disciplines, his most noted theory was on relationships between society, economics, and politics, called Marxism. In this ideology, Marx denounces Capitalism and predicts that it will eventually give way to a new structure in Socialism. In Marx’s socialist system the workers would rule in a “dictatorship of the proletariat” and would control everything. The final evolution of socialism was communism, a system devoid of social class wherein everything being equal. Friedrich Engels was also born in Germany. He was an openly active atheist and anarchist as a young man, and had to flee the country for sometime. He eventually returned, and was greatly influenced by the work of the great philosopher Georg Hegel. Deeply concerned with their son’s activities, Engels’ parents sent him to England. It was in England where Engels first met Karl Marx. Thus, began a lifelong friendship and co-authorship between the two men.

Context: Their most famous co-authored work the Communist Manifesto, was commissioned by the underground German communist league in 1848. The communist manifesto was originally a series of pamphlets written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Both used their knowledge and careful observation of factories in order to highlight the oppression of the worker. They wanted to change the way that economic systems, and by extension politics operated.

Summary: Marx and Engels open the passage with a brief overview of history and class struggle. They state that in every historical scenario the problem always arose between those that had power, and those that did not. They then note that the current power holder is the bourgeoisie. They assert that he workers, or the proletariat are only items in this grand capitalist scheme, and their only use is to work and die. In the factories the workers are organized into a hierarchy of labors and bosses, all answerable to the bourgeoisie. Marx and Engels advocate for workers unions to alleviate some of the miseries, sufferings, and injustices in the factories. Then Engels and Marx define that communist are for the proletariat as a whole, and fight for all of the workers movement. They argue that all other proletariat parties, including the communists wish to overthrow the middle class and abolish most private property. However, Communism targets the bourgeoisie and advocates abolishing all of their private property. Communists call for an overthrow of the government by the bourgeoisie and advocate for a state ruled by the working classes with ten steps. The ten steps are changes from capitalism starting with the abolition of private property, to state regaled “equality.” Communism will be achieved once everything as Marx and Engle stated was equal. With a chilling finale, both men call for the workers to rise up and forcibly implement this new system in government.

Quote: “The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be attainted by only the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. Workers of the world, unite!”

"The People and the Fatherland" ~ Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Context: Johann Gottlieb Fichte delivered a series of addresses in 1807-1808 that disclose the frustration of German disunity and intense nationalism that erupted in the 19 century. Although Germany was not unified until 1871, many wanted the nation to be unified, and these people provided the idealistic and philosophical foundation for policies that were eventually seen as practical.

Author Bio: A German philosopher, Johann Gottlieb Fichte was one of the founding figures of the philosophical movement known as German idealism, which developed from the  writings of Immanuel Kant. He also wrote works of political philosophy and is considered one of the fathers of German nationalism.

Summary:  Fichte asserts that their oldest common ancestors set themselves bravely in opposition to the worldwide rule of the Romans, and believes that German's now faced with Napoleonic rule should do the same. Fichte asks, why would the German's just give up everything their ancestors fought for and succumb to the Napoleon and his tyrannical rule. He maintains that Germans should fight to be Germans, not the subjects of other, more powerful nations.

Key Quotations: "... a true German could wish to live only to and to remain a German, and to have his sons the same."

Reasons for Establishing the Empire

Context: On May 18, 1804 the Senate declared Napoleon Bonaparte supreme Emperor of France. At his Coronation, the Pope was present, but Napoleon crowned himself as Emperor asserting that the Pope did not have power over him. The piece is an address to the Senate recalling the reasons for establishing an empire in place of a Consulate.

  

Author Bio: Napoleon Bonaparte (August 15, 1769-May 5, 1821) was a military leader who rose to political power in France in the latter stages of the French Revolution. He was the first of three supreme Emperors of France. His major contributions include his civil code (called the Napoleonic Code) and his introduction to the Metric System to France.

Summary: The Document begins by stating how the State of France is strong. He then recalls the state of France prior to his power, in civil war and Anarchy. The Senate was then thanked for its support. He then talked about reform in the Government. He then calls his name the most unquestioned of titles. He concludes by swearing to Senate that if attacked, he will fight back.

Key Quotation: “The oath of Napoleon shall be forever the terror of the enemies of France” (141). 

The Fall of the Bastille PDP #5

Context: France was reaching a boil. The Clergy and the Nobles controlled the majority of the wealth, but they refused to invest any of it into the economy or country. Rather, the large estate of the Locals, who lived in poverty and famine, were expected to pick up the slack (go figure).

Author: Arthur Young was an English writer born in Suffolk. He began attempting agricultural experiments, but later went on journeys throughout England and France, writing about the various happenings. He mainly traveled France around the beginning of the French Revolution.

Summary: The people of France were upon the Bastille. The soldiers inside could either commit a murder-suicide with explosives, or allow the people to enter. Upon being promised a safe imprisonment, they opened the gates and let down the bridge. However, the enraged people murdered and humiliated the soldiers despite the efforts of those who promised them safety.

Key Quote: "The head of the Marquis de Launay was carried about Paris by this same populace that he would have crushed had he not been moved to pity."